Dr. Arati Prabhakar is an American engineer and applied scientist who became Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the President’s Chief Science Advisor. The first woman to lead both the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), she later guided federal policy on artificial intelligence, biotechnology, climate science, and national security. Her career has made her one of the most influential science leaders in American government.