Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan is an Indian American mathematician and Frank J. Gould Professor of Science at New York University’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. A pioneer in probability theory and large deviations, his work transformed modern mathematics and found applications in quantum field theory, population dynamics, finance, econometrics, and engineering. In 2007, he received the Abel Prize, often regarded as mathematics’ highest honor, and in 2011 was awarded the National Medal of Science for his foundational contributions to probability theory.